Cohort and user lifetime explorations

Google Analytics · Advanced · 11 min

Retention and lifetime value are the metrics that separate growth from churn with a leaky bucket.

Cohort exploration groups users by a shared starting event and shows what share of each group came back in later periods, as a triangle table.

  • Inclusion criteria: what puts a user in a cohort. First touch (acquisition date) is the classic new-user cohort; Any event, Any transaction, Any key event or a specific event also work, so you can cohort by "first purchase".
  • Return criteria: what counts as coming back: Any event (just showed up), Any transaction, Any key event or a specific event.
  • Cohort granularity: daily, weekly or monthly; the table shows up to 60 cohorts.
  • Calculation: Standard (returned in that exact period), Rolling (returned in that period and every period before), Cumulative (returned in that period or any earlier one).
  • Metric: Active users by default; or a metric per cohort user such as revenue, with Metric type sum or per-user.

Read it row by row: week-0 cohorts are 100%, and the columns show the decay. Compare cohorts vertically: if the February cohorts retain better than January's, something changed. A breakdown dimension (first user channel, country) creates one triangle per value, which is where the insight usually is.

User lifetime is a free-form-like table restricted to users active in the date range, with lifetime metrics computed over their whole history on the property: Lifetime value (LTV, revenue), Lifetime engagement duration, Lifetime sessions, Lifetime transactions, and First purchase date, Last active date, plus the predictive metrics when available. Pair them with user-scoped dimensions such as First user source or First user campaign to see which acquisition channels produced the highest-value users, not just the most users.

Both techniques are user-based and benefit from User-ID; both respect the retention window, which caps how far back a cohort can start.

Remember

  • Cohort = inclusion criteria + return criteria + granularity; read the decay
  • Standard vs rolling vs cumulative calculation change what 'returned' means
  • User lifetime: LTV and lifetime engagement by acquisition dimension

Check yourself

  1. You want the share of each week's new users who were active in every week since. Which calculation?
  2. Which dimension answers 'which campaign brought the most valuable users'?

Sign in to answer, see the explanations, and get this lesson back as a quick review later.

Official docs: support.google.com/analytics/answer/9670133